在Lighttpd的wiki上看大一篇很好的文档，里面也有troubleshooting, 转过来了，本来是想找Lighttpd防webspider的资料的，
根据下面的说明使用$HTTP["useragent"]这个变量可以达到效果


#!rst
==================
Configuration File
==================

------------
Module: core
------------

.. meta::
  :keywords: lighttpd, configuration

.. contents:: Table of Contents

Description
===========

Basic Syntax
------------

A BNF like notation: ::

  option   : NAME = VALUE
  merge    : NAME += VALUE
  NAME     : modulename.key
  VALUE    : (  |  |  |  | VALUE [ + VALUE ]*)
   : "text" 
  : digit*
  : ( "enable" | "disable" )
    : "(" [  "=>" ]  [, [  "=>" ]  ]* ")" 
  INCLUDE  : "include" VALUE
  INCLUDE_SHELL : "include_shell" STRING_VALUE

Example
-------

::

  # default document-root
  server.document-root = "/var/www/example.org/pages/" 

  # TCP port
  server.port = 80

  # selecting modules
  server.modules = ( "mod_access", "mod_rewrite" )

  # variables, computed when config is read.
  var.mymodule = "foo" 
  server.modules += ( "mod_" + var.mymodule )
  # var.PID is initialised to the pid of lighttpd before config is parsed

  # include, relative to dirname of main config file
  include "mime.types.conf" 

  # read configuration from output of a command
  include_shell "/usr/local/bin/confmimetype /etc/mime.types" 

Conditional Configuration
=========================

Most options can be configured conditionally by using the following syntax
(including nesting).

::

     {
    ...
       {
      ... nesting: match only when parent match
    }
  }
  else    {
    ... the "else if" block
  }

where  is one of one of the following:

$HTTP["cookie"]
  match on cookie
$HTTP["host"]
  match on host
$HTTP["useragent"]
  match on useragent
$HTTP["referer"]
  match on referer
$HTTP["url"]
  match on url. If there are nested blocks, this must be the most inner block.
$HTTP["querystring"]
  match on querystring, eg, after the ? in this type url: index.php?module=images..
$HTTP["remoteip"]
  match on the remote IP or a remote Network (Warning: doesn't work with IPv6 enabled)
$HTTP["scheme"] (Introduced in version 1.4.19)
  match on the scheme used by the incoming connection.  This is either "http" or "https".
$SERVER["socket"]
  match on socket. Value must be on the format "ip:port" where ip is an IP address and 
  port a port number, or ":port" to match port only. Only equal match (==) is supported.
  It also binds the daemon to this socket. Use this if you want to do IP/port-based virtual hosts.
$PHYSICAL["path"] (Introduced in version 1.5.0)
  match on the mapped physical path of the file / cgi script to be served.
$PHYSICAL["existing-path"] (Introduced in version 1.5.0)
  match on the mapped physical path of the file / cgi script to be served
  only if such a file exists on the local filesystem.

 is one of:

==
  string equal match
!=
  string not equal match
=~
  perl style regular expression match
!~
  perl style regular expression not match

and  is either a quoted ("") literal string or regular expression.

Example
-------

::

  # disable directory-listings for /download/*
  dir-listing.activate = "enable" 
  $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/download/" {
    dir-listing.activate = "disable" 
  }

  # handle virtual hosting
  # map all domains of a top-level-domain to a single document-root
  $HTTP["host"] =~ "(^|\.)example\.org$" {
    server.document-root = "/var/www/htdocs/example.org/pages/" 
  }

  # multiple sockets
  $SERVER["socket"] == "127.0.0.1:81" {
    server.document-root = "..." 
  }

  $SERVER["socket"] == "127.0.0.1:443" {
    ssl.pemfile = "/var/www/certs/localhost.pem" 
    ssl.engine = "enable" 

    server.document-root = "/var/www/htdocs/secure.example.org/pages/" 
  }

  # deny access for all googlebot
  $HTTP["useragent"] =~ "Google" {
    url.access-deny = ( "" )
  }

  # deny access for all image stealers (anti-hotlinking for images)
  $HTTP["referer"] !~ "^($|http://www\.example\.org)" {
    url.access-deny = ( ".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png" )
  }

  # deny the access to www.example.org to all user which 
  # are not in the 10.0.0.0/8 network
  $HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
    $HTTP["remoteip"] != "10.0.0.0/8" {
     url.access-deny = ( "" )
    }
  }

  # Allow only 200.19.1.5 and 210.45.2.7 to
  # have access to www.example.org/admin/
  $HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
    #!~ is a perl style regular expression not match
    $HTTP["remoteip"] !~ "^(200\.19\.1\.5|210\.45\.2\.7)$" {
      $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/admin/" {
        url.access-deny = ( "" )
      }
    }
  }

Troubleshooting
---------------

If you're not running on the default port, $HTTP["host"] will have the port appended to it, 
so regular expressions ending in "$" (without allowing for a port) won't match. 
To match with or without a port, change "(^|\\.)example\\.org$" to "(^|\\.)example\\.org(\\:[0-9]*)?$" 

advanced usage
==============
check the blog:
http://blog.lighttpd.net/articles/2005/05/07/advanced-configuration-in-up-upcoming-1-4-x

Using variables
===============

You can set your own variables in the configuration to simplify your config.
::

  var.basedir = "/home/www/servers/" 
  $HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
     server.name = "www.example.org" 
     include "incl-base.conf" 
  }

  in incl-base.conf:
  server.document-root = basedir + server.name + "/pages/" 
  accesslog.filename   = basedir + server.name + "/logs/access.log" 

You can also use environment variables or the default variables var.PID and
var.CWD: ::

  var.basedir = env.LIGHTTPDBASE

  $HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
     server.name = "www.example.org" 
     include "incl-base.conf" 
     include "incl-fastcgi.conf" 
  }

  in incl-fastcgi.conf:
  fastcgi.server = ( ... => ((
     "socket" => basedir + server.name + "/tmp/fastcgi-" + PID + ".sock" 
  )) )

Or like the lighttpd script for rails does: ::

  var.basedir = var.CWD

  server.document-root = basedir + "/public/" 

Some useful things that can NOT be done in lighttpd config (you need to 
create a script in a real programming language and than use include_shell): ::

  # testing if a variable has been set is NOT possible
  var.not_sure_if_it_exists == undefined { ... set to default value ... }

  # removing from arrays is NOT possible
  server.modules -= ( "mod_idontwantyou" )

Global context
==============

::

  global {
    ...
  }

You don't need it in the main configuration file. But you might have
difficulty setting a server wide configuration inside a included-file from
conditionals.

Example
-------

::

  in lighttpd.conf:
  server.modules = ()
  $HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
    include "incl-php.conf" 
  }

  in incl-php.conf:
  global {
    server.modules += ("mod_fastcgi")
    static-file.exclude-extensions += (".php")
  }
  fastcgi.server = "..." 

Options
=======

`All Configuration Options`__

.. __: http://trac.lighttpd.net/trac/wiki/Docs%3AConfigurationOptions